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Class 11 Biology Notes for FBISE (With FREE PDF) is a comprehensive guide for students who are preparing for the Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (FBISE) exams.
This guide covers all the topics and concepts of the Class 11 Biology syllabus, such as cell structure and function, bioenergetics, homeostasis, diversity of life, and more. The notes are written in a simple and easy-to-understand language, with diagrams, tables, and examples to illustrate the key points.
All Subjects 11th Class Notes in One Place
Class 11 Biology Notes
Chapter 1 – Cell Structure And Function
This Chapter 1 talks about:
- Animal Cell
- Animal cells are eukaryotic cells with a true nucleus, meaning that they have membrane-bound organelles and a complex cytoplasmic structure. The animal cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665. Animal cells are found in all multicellular animals, which makes them all eukaryotes. The basic unit of any living system is the cell.
- The various functions of an organism as a whole are performed by one or more cells in a process known as metabolism. Cells are highly organized units that consist of various parts called organelles. Each organelle performs a specific function necessary for the survival of the cell.
- The basic structure of an animal cell is similar to the plant cell but it differs in some ways:
- Plant cells have chloroplasts that help convert light energy into chemical energy (photosynthesis).
- Cell wall and chloroplasts are absent in animal cells which makes them delicate and easy to break even with slight pressure.
- The cell of an animal is a basic unit of life. Animal cells are eukaryotic and have several organelles. Eukaryotes are organisms with complex cells and contain a nucleus. They also have membrane bound organelles that carry out specific functions. A eukaryotic cell has multiple linear chromosomes located in the nucleus, and is typically a larger cell than a prokaryote. Eukaryotes can be unicellular or multicellular.
- Plant Cell
- Cell Wall
- Plasma
- Differences between the Animal and Plant Cells
- Functions of Cell units with Diagrams
- Content: Short and Long Answers | Solved Exercises | MCQs
Only the preview of the first chapter is given because the website slows really slow. You can preview or download for the rest of the chapters.
Chapter 2 – Biological Molecules
This Chapter 2 talks about:
- Alpha and beta glucose
- Formation of the phosphodiester linkage
- Biochemistry
- Properties and types of fatty acids
- Structure of ATP
- Structure and linkage of a water molecule
- Connecting society with Science and technology
- Content: Short and Long Answers | Solved Exercises | MCQs
Chapter 3 -Enzymes
This Chapter 3 talks about:
- Detail of enzymes
- Formation, structure and functions of enzymes
- The difference between holoenzyme and apoenzyme
- Properties of enzymes
- Types and significance
- Industrial usage and importance of enzymes
- Content: Short and Long Answers | Solved Exercises | MCQs
Chapter 4 – Bioenergetics
This Chapter 4 talks about:
- Process of cellular respiration
- Mechanism of photorespiration and role of CO2 in it
- Advantages and disadvantages of photorespiration
- Alcoholic fermentation
- Importance and structure of chlorophyll
- What is carbon fixation?
- Electromagnetic Spectrum
- All types of differences of terms relevant to the chapter
- Important MCQs
- Content: Short and Long Answers | Solved Exercises | MCQs
Chapter 5 – Acellular Life
This Chapter 5 talks about:
- Characteristics of viruses
- Classification of viruses
- Structure and lifecycle of different viruses
- Diseases, prevention and treatment of various viral diseases
- Symptoms of Aids
- Cycle of HIV
- Treatment of Aids
- Content: Short and Long Answers | Solved Exercises | MCQs
Chapter 6 – Prokaryotes
This Chapter 6 talks about:
- Bacteria
- Differences of related terms in chapter
- Nitrogen fixation
- Features bacterial cell wall and other cell components
- Diversity of types, shapes and sizes of bacteria
- Ecological and economic significance of bacteria
- Symptoms of bacteria
- Treatment for bacteria
- Content: Short and Long Answers | Solved Exercises | MCQs
Chapter 7 – Protists And Fungi
This Chapter 7 talks about:
- Characteristics of fungi
- Features of protists
- Detailed outline on evolutionary protists
- Lifecycle of different protists and fungi
- Fungi as a source of antibiotics
- Edible fungi
- Pathogenic role of fungi
- Content: Short and Long Answers | Solved Exercises | MCQs
Chapter 8 -Diversity Among Plants
This Chapter 8 talks about:
- Evolution of seed
- Evolution of leaf
- Development of heterospory
- Characteristics of non-vascular plants
- Importance and formation of peat bogs
- About gymnosperms
- About angiosperms
- Cycling of flowering plants
- Content: Short and Long Answers | Solved Exercises | MCQs
Chapter 9 – Diversity Among Animals
This Chapter 9 talks about:
- Protochordate
- Animal classification
- Phylum Aschelminthes
- Phylum Chordata
- Definition and division of invertebrates
- Protochordate
- Animal classification and characteristics
- Phylum Aschelminthes
- Phylum Chordata
- Evolutionary adaptations of class Mammalia
- Abilities of amphibians
- Content: Short and Long Answers | Solved Exercises | MCQs
Chapter 10 – Forms And Functions In Plants
This Chapter 10 talks about:
- Plant nutrition
- Plant growth hormones
- Photoperiodism
- Lateral Meristems
- Growth movement in plants
- Content: Short and Long Answers | Solved Exercises | MCQs
Chapter 11 – Diversity Among Animals
This Chapter 11 talks about:
- Human esophagus
- Storage role of liver
- Role and significance of different digestive organs
- Defecation Reflex
- Gallbladder
- Types, prevention and treatment of digestive disorders
- Differences of all the terms relevant to the chapter
- Content: Short and Long Answers | Solved Exercises | MCQs
Chapter 12 – Forms And Functions In Plants
This Chapter 12 talks about:
- Structure of heart
- Phases of heartbeat
- Blood Circulation
- Congenital heart problems
- Roles of veins, platelets and arteries
- Content: Short and Long Answers | Solved Exercises | MCQs
Chapter 13 – Immunity
This Chapter 13 talks about:
- Human body’s three lines of defense
- Details of the immune system
- Body’s protection against certain diseases like runny rose, hepatitis or arthritis
- Protective proteins
- Temperature response against infection
- Role of monocytes in the immune system
- T cells in cell-mediated response
- Content: Short and Long Answers | Solved Exercises | MCQs
